First Versions: 1959

Astérix (comics)

Astérix logo 1959

Strip title: "Astérix le Gaulois"

Category: Comics

Genres: Adventure, Comedy, Satire

Authors:
--- René Goscinny (writer)
--- Albert Uderzo (illustrator)

Country of origin: France

First format: Strip on French weekly comic magazine "Pilote"

Teaser issue: Early October 1959 - Pilote No. 0 / page 20 of 32

First issue: October 29, 1959 - Pilote No. 1 / page 20 of 32 (serial)

First editor: Société d'Edition Pilote - Paris, France

Background: «We are in 50 BC. All Gaul is occupied by the Romans. All? No! Because a village populated by irreducible Gauls still resists the invader. And life is not easy for the garrisons of Roman legionaries of the entrenched camps of Babaorum, Aquarium, Laudanum and Petibonum...» (from the map of Gaul legend opening the Astérix volumes). This Gallic village resists the invader thanks to a magic potion prepared by the druid Panoramix (eng. Getafix), which temporarily gives superhuman strength to who drinks.

Main characters (in order of appearance):
--- Astérix (eng. Asterix), first appearance in the story "Astérix le Gaulois", Pilote magazine No. 1, October 29, 1959. Astérix is the titular hero of the series, a generously-mustachioed Gaul warrior born in 85 BC. Small and thin, frail, Asterix is physically far from the stereotypes of the comics hero. Its distinctive dress consists of a black top, red trousers, a sword worn on the side and a helmet adorned with two pens that, according to their direction, reveal his mood. His name derived from "astérisque", meaning "asterisk", from the Greek word meaning "star", as the star of the series.
--- Obélix (eng. Obelix), first appearance (along with Astérix) in the story "Astérix le Gaulois", Pilote magazine No. 1, October 29, 1959. Obélix is Asterix's closest friend and works as a menhir sculptor and delivery man. He is a tall, obese and ravenous, with a phenomenal strength acquired when he fell into Panoramix's magic potion cauldron as a boy. He wears trousers vertical white and blue stripes, stripped to the waist. His name derived from "obelisk", a massive monument, or the typographical symbol sometimes used to indicate a second footnote if the first footnote is indicated by an asterisk.
--- Jules César (eng. Julius Caesar), first appearance (as well as Astérix and Obélix) in the story "Astérix le Gaulois", Pilote magazine No. 1, October 29, 1959. The character of Julius Caesar is a consistent but satirical representation of the historical figure of the same name former Roman consul, conqueror of Gaul.
--- Panoramix (eng. Getafix), first appearance in the story "Astérix le Gaulois", Pilote magazine No. 3, November 12, 1959. Panoramix is the village druid: tall with a white beard, he is the only one to possess the recipe of the magic potion.
--- Abraracourcix (eng. Vitalstatistix), first appearance in the story "Astérix le Gaulois", Pilote No. 6, December 3, 1959. Abraracourcix is the chief of the "village des fous" (fools' village). He is a middle-aged, bigbellied man with red hair, pigtails and a huge moustache.
--- Assurancetourix (eng. Cacofonix), first appearance in the story "Astérix le Gaulois", Pilote No. 6, December 3, 1959. Assurancetourix is the village bard. He loves singing and playing musical instruments like lyre, bagpipes, drum and a Celtic trumpet... but his performances are unbearable.
--- Idéfix (eng. Dogmatix), first appearance in the story "Le Tour de Gaule d'Astérix", Pilote magazine No. 179, March 28, 1963. Idéfix is Obelix's pet dog, a small white dog of unknown breed, accidentally met for the first time in this story.

Features: The duo René Goscinny (author) - Albert Uderzo (illustrator) formed in the early 1950s and quickly led many projects together. In 1959, the advertiser François Clauteaux decided to create a new magazine for children, funded by Radio Luxembourg and titled "Pilote". There were only three months until the trial edition of Pilote was due out, and the two authors were really under pressure: they had to create a completely original comic strip series based on French culture. Finally, they decided on the period of the Gauls. Within a few hours, they created the Gallic village and its inhabitants. René Goscinny imagines a wily character in the small form, taking the opposite of the usual comics hero; Uderzo adds a strong but dim companion to which Goscinny agreed. Astérix and Obélix are born. In early October 1959, the strip was tested in the teaser issue Pilote No. 0, around 200 copies printed. Astérix and Obélix made their first official appearance on October 29, 1959 in Pilote No. 1: around 300,000 copies, immediately sold out. The first story, "Astérix le Gaulois", was published weekly in Pilote magazine from No. 1 until No. 38 (July 14, 1960), with a rate of one/two pages per week. In 1961, the entire story was collected in the volume "Astérix le Gaulois", first of a series titled "Collection Pilote", by editor Dargaud.

Interesting facts: The launch of Pilote magazine was a success, as well as the adventures of Astérix; despite this, in 1960 the financial backing for the magazine ceased, and Pilote was taken over by publisher Georges Dargaud, for a symbolic franc. When Goscinny died in 1977, Uderzo continued the series alone, until September 2011, when he retired from drawing.

Introduction (translated from the first strip): «Astérix mischievously embodies all the virtues of 'our ancestors the Gauls'. The humor of René Goscinny and Uderzo will make you love this little mustached warrior, new character in comics».

Property: Dargaud - Hachette - Les éditions Albert René / Goscinny-Uderzo

Reference website: http://www.asterix.com

Astérix early sketches by Albert Uderzo 1959

Astérix and Obélix, early sketches by Albert Uderzo (1959)

Astérix, first print advertising (1959). The Radio Télé Luxembourg Almanach announces the imminent arrival of Pilote, a weekly comic magazine that covers the adventures of Astérix.

Astérix le Gaulois, the first strip was tested in Pilote magazine No. 0 (early October 1959, around 200 copies). Apart from a reference to the Astérix strip (bottom right), the cover shows a photo of a large group of collaborators, but most were just friends of the authors, in front row: writer René Goscinny (4th from left, with jacket in hand) and illustrator Albert Uderzo (6th).

Pilote magazine No. 0 / October 1959 - detail

Astérix le Gaulois, the first strip made its debut in Pilote magazine No. 1 (October 29, 1959, around 300,000 copies, immediately sold out).

Astérix le Gaulois, the first strip (October 29, 1959). Promoted through Pilote magazine No. 0 in early October 1959, the first story was launched as serial in Pilote No. 1.

Astérix and Obélix, first ever appearance

Astérix and Obélix, the first appearance (Pilote magazine No. 1, October 29, 1959)

Astérix, characters in their first appearances. Jules César (Julius Caesar), Panoramix (Getafix the druid), Abraracourcix (Vitalstatistix the chief), Assurancetourix (Cacofonix the bard), and Idéfix (Dogmatix the dog).

Astérix, first full cover in Pilote magazine

Astérix and Obélix, first full cover in Pilote magazine (No. 21, March 17, 1960)

Astérix le Gaulois, first volume (Dargaud, 1961). This volume collects the first story distributed weekly in Pilote magazine from No. 1 (October 29, 1959) until No. 38 (July 14, 1960).

The creators of Astérix comics. Left: Alberto Aleandro Uderzo (Fismes, April 25, 1927 - Neuilly, March 24, 2020), comic book artist and scriptwriter. Right: René Goscinny (Paris, August 14, 1926 - November 5, 1977), comics editor and writer.

Astérix comics, the 50th anniversary (1959-2009). The 34th volume of the book series, released by Les Éditions Albert René on October 22, 2009, celebrates the first strip with a collection of short stories, all linked by the theme of Astérix's anniversary. Designed and written by Albert Uderzo, "L’Anniversaire d’Astérix et Obélix" also includes stories which were created jointly with René Goscinny.

Astérix comics, the 60th anniversary (1959-2019). Video by Les Éditions Albert René.

Risk

Risk logo 1959

Names:
--- "La Conquête du Monde" (1957)
--- "Risk! Continental Game" (1959)

Category: Games

Subcategory: Board games

Inventor: Albert Lamorisse

Invented in: 1957

Patent:
--- France: March 23, 1954
--- UK: March 23, 1955

First producers/distributors:
--- France: Miro Company (founded in Paris in 1936 by Fred Mirowitch and Leo J. Frankenthal, acquired by Hasbro in 1986)
--- USA: Parker Brothers (founded in Medford, Massachusetts, in 1883 by George S. Parker, acquired by Hasbro in 1991)

Production start:
--- France: 1957 as "La Conquête du Monde" (The Conquest of the World)
--- USA: 1959 as "Risk! Continental Game"

First price (1959): 7.50 USD

Features (referred to the 1959 Parker Brothers' "Risk! Continental Game"): Risk is a turn-based game for 3, 4, 5 or 6 players. The game is played on a board depicting a political map of the Earth, divided into forty-two territories, which are grouped into six continents. The object of the game is to occupy every territory on the board and in so doing, eliminate all other players. Players control armies with which they attempt to capture territories from other players, with results determined by dice rolls. Equipment:
--- A. Six sets of playing pieces, each set of a different color, consisting of a box of cubes and several oblong pieces in a separate box. Each cube represents one army and the oblong pieces are equivalent to ten armies.
--- B. A playing board showing a map of the six continents, each of which is subdivided into a number of territories.
--- C. A deck of 44 cards plus one Trade-mark card which is not used in the play of the game.
--- D. Six dice, 3 of which are red and 3 of which are ivory-colored.

Interesting facts: During the 1950s, Parker Brothers formed an affiliation with the Miro Company in Paris for the manufacture and distribution of their games in France. In exchange, Parker Brothers agreed to manufacture and distribute some of Miro's games in the United States. In the summer of 1957, Mr. Boisseau of Miro approached Parker Brothers with "La Conquête du Monde" (The Conquest of the World), a game invented by French filmmaker, film producer, and writer Albert Lamorisse, best known for his award-winning short films like "Le Ballon rouge" (The red balloon, 1956). After extensive testing, the French game's rules were adapted for American tastes, and, in 1959, Parker Brothers launched "Risk! Continental Game". Through the years, the game has become a household name all around the world. In addition to the original version of 1959, a number of official variants and not-licensed clones of Risk have been produced over the years. Hasbro bought Miro Company in 1986, and subsequently Parker Brothers in 1991.

Property: Miro Company - Parker Brothers - Hasbro, Inc.

Producer website: http://www.hasbro.com

La Conquête du Monde (The Conquest of the World), original version of the board game Risk (1957), invented by Albert Lamorisse, produced and distributed by Miro Company

Albert Lamorisse (Paris, January 13, 1922 - Karaj, June 2, 1970), the French filmmaker, film producer, and writer, who invented the board game "La Conquête du Monde" (The Conquest of the World) in 1957, original version of the game Risk. Lamorisse is best known for his award-winning short films, like "Le Ballon rouge" (The red balloon, 1956), which won numerous awards, including an Oscar for Lamorisse for the best original screenplay, and the Palme d'Or for short films at the Cannes Film Festival.

Risk first version 1959 - box opened right-view

Risk first version 1959 - box opened top-view

Risk first version 1959 - board bottom-left

Risk first version 1959 - board bottom-right

Risk! Continental Game, first version of the board game Risk by Parker Brothers (1959)

Risk, introduction to the game from the instruction manual (1959)

Risk advertising (1961)

Risk advertisement: «He conquered the world in one afternoon!» (1966)

Hasbro celebrate 60 years of Risk (1959-1999). This special 60th Anniversary edition of the Risk game celebrates its legacy with premium packaging and game pieces. For true Risk fans, the included Game Guide reveals the history of the Risk strategy game. It also features 5 ways to play the Risk board game including the classic game plus the original 1957 La Conquête du Monde rules.

Barbie

Barbie logo 1959

Name: "Barbie"

Full name: "Barbara Millicent Roberts"

Category: Toys

Subcategory: Dolls

Inventor: Ruth Marianna Handler (née Mosko)

Production start: March 9, 1959 - Japan (debut in New York)

Ruth M. Handler
Denver, Nov. 4, 1916
– L.A., Apr. 27, 2002,
the inventor
of the Barbie doll

Producer: Mattel Inc. (founded in 1945 by Harold "Matt" Matson, Elliot Handler and Ruth Handler)

First price: 3.00 USD

Features: The first Barbie doll wore a black and white zebra striped swimsuit and signature topknot ponytail, and was available as either a blonde or brunette. The doll was marketed as a "Teen-age Fashion Model," with her clothes created by Mattel fashion designer Charlotte Johnson.
The first Barbie dolls were manufactured in Japan, with their clothes hand-stitched by Japanese homeworkers. Around 350,000 Barbie dolls were sold during the first year of production.

Interesting facts: The name Barbie was inspired by Ruth's daughter Barbara. The best-selling Barbie doll ever was 1992 Totally Hair doll, with hair from the top of her head to her toes.

Quote (Ruth M. Handler): «They were using the dolls to project their dreams of their own futures as adult women».

Property: Mattel Inc.

Product website: http://www.barbie.com

Barbie doll construction Patent (Nov. 21, 1961, filed July 24, 1959) granted to Jack Ryan, the designer who revisited the Bild Lilli doll to create the Barbie doll.

The first Barbie doll (1959) was introduced in both blonde and brunette

The Bild Lilli doll was a German fashion doll produced from 1955 to 1964, based on the comic-strip character Lilli. Ruth Handler reworked the design of this doll (with help from engineer Jack Ryan) to create her Barbie.

Barbie review (Playthings magazine, March 1959)

Barbie newspaper advertisement (Freeport Journal-Standard, Freeport, Ill., Oct. 28, 1959)

The first Barbie commercial (aired on ABC during the "Mickey Mouse Club" program, 1959)

Barbie's boyfriend: Ken (full name Kenneth Sean Carson, introduced in 1961)

Barbie's little sister: Skipper (full name Skipper Madison Roberts, introduced in 1964). Mattel introduced a pre-teenage sister of their popular Barbie doll to expand the Barbie line, but also to respond to customer criticism that Barbie was too mature and "womanly" for young children.